AD: Abbreviation for Andorra.

AE: United Arab Emirates

AF: Abbreviation for Afghanistan.

AG : Abbreviation for Antigua and Barbuda .

AI: Abbreviation for Anguilla.

AL : Abbreviation for Albania.

AM: Abbreviation for Armenia.

AN : Abbreviation for Netherlands Antilles.

AO: Abbreviation for Angola.

AR : Abbreviation for Argentina.

AT: Abbreviation for Austria.

AU: Abbreviation for Australia.

Authority : The taxonomic authority is the name of the person or people who published the original description for a particular scientific name, followed by the year of publication. If the name is in parentheses, this indicates that the genus name now used is different from the one used in the original description.

AZ: Abbreviation for Azerbaijan.

BA : Abbreviation for Bosnia & Herzegovina.

BB : Abbreviation for Barbados.

BD : Abbreviation for Bangladesh.

BE : Abbreviation for Belgium.

BF : Abbreviation for Burkina Faso.

BG : Abbreviation for Bulgaria.

BH : Abbreviation for Bahrain.

BI : Abbreviation for Burundi.

Biogeographic Realms: The major biogeogeographic regions in which a species occurs. Values include: Australasia; Afrotropical; Indomalayan; Nearctic; Neotropical; Oceanic; and Palearctic. For a definition, see Udvardy, M.D.F. (1975). A classification of the biogeographical provinces of the world. IUCN Occasional Paper No. 18. Morges, Switzerland.

Biomes : Whether the species occurs in terrestrial, marine and/or freshwater habitats.

BJ : Abbreviation for Benin.

BN : Abbreviation for Brunei Darussalam.

BO : Abbreviation for Bolivia.

BR : Abbreviation for Brazil.

BS : Abbreviation for Bahamas.

BT : Abbreviation for Bhutan.

BW : Abbreviation for Botswana.

BY : Abbreviation for Belarus.

BZ : Abbreviation for Belize.

CA : Abbreviation for Canada.

CD : Abbreviation for Congo, The Democratic Republic of the.

CF : Abbreviation for Central African Republic.

CG : Abbreviation for Congo.

CH : Abbreviation for Switzerland.

CI : Abbreviation for Côte D’ivoire ( Ivory Coast).

CL : Abbreviation for Chile.

Class: A Class is a level in the taxonomic hierarchy below Phylum, but above Order.

CM : Abbreviation for Cameroon.

CN : Abbreviation for China.

CO : Abbreviation for Colombia.

Common Name : The common name of a species is the vernacular name used to refer to a species. Some species have several common names, often in different languages.

Conservation Measures : Standard terms used to describe the conservation actions required for a species. The authority file with all of the terms can be found at http://www.redlist.org/info/conservation_actions.html.

CR : Abbreviation for Costa Rica.

CR: IUCN Red List Categories, Critically Endangered: A taxon is Critically Endangered when the best available evidence (severe population decline, very small population, very small geographic area occupied, or if the calculated probability of extinction during the next 10 years of >50%) indicates that it is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. See http://www.redlist.org/info/categories_criteria2001.html.

CS : Abbreviation for Serbia & Montenegro.

CU : Abbreviation for Cuba.

CY : Abbreviation for Cyprus.

CZ : Abbreviation for Czech Republic.

CG : Abbreviation for Congo.

Date of Assessment : Date when the Red List assessment was completed.

DD: IUCN Red List Categories, Data Deficient: A taxon is Data Deficient when there is inadequate information to make a direct, or indirect, assessment of its risk of extinction based on its distribution and/or population status. A taxon in this category may be well studied, and its biology well known, but appropriate data on abundance and/or distribution are lacking. Data Deficient is therefore not a category of threat. Listing of taxa in this category indicates that more information is required and acknowledges the possibility that future research will show that threatened classification is appropriate. See http://www.redlist.org/info/categories_criteria2001.html.

DE : Abbreviation for Germany.

DJ : Abbreviation for Djibouti.

DK : Abbreviation for Denmark.

DM : Abbreviation for Dominica.

DO : Abbreviation for Dominican Republic.

EC : Abbreviation for Ecuador.

EE : Abbreviation for Estonia.

EG : Abbreviation for Egypt.

EH : Abbreviation for Western Sahara.

EN: IUCN Red List Categories, Endangered: A taxon is Endangered when the best available evidence (large population decline, small population, small geographic area occupied, or if the calculated probability of extinction during the next 20 years is >20%) indicates that it is considered to be facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild. See http://www.redlist.org/info/categories_criteria2001.html.

English Common Name : The common name of a species is the vernacular name used to refer to a species. Some species have several common names, often in different languages.

ER : Abbreviation for Eritrea.

ES : Abbreviation for Spain.

ET : Abbreviation for Ethiopia.

EW: IUCN Red List Categories, Extinct in the Wild: A taxon is Extinct in the Wild when it is known only to survive in cultivation, in captivity or as a naturalized population (or populations) well outside the past range. A taxon is presumed Extinct in the Wild when exhaustive surveys in known and/or expected habitat, at appropriate times (diurnal, seasonal, annual), throughout its historic range have failed to record an individual. Surveys should be over a time frame appropriate to the taxon's life cycle and life form. See http://www.redlist.org/info/categories_criteria2001.html.

EX: IUCN Red List Categories, Extinct: A taxon is Extinct when there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. A taxon is presumed Extinct when exhaustive surveys in known and/or expected habitat, at appropriate times, throughout its historic range have failed to record an individual. Surveys should be over a time frame appropriate to the taxon's life cycle and life form. See http://www.redlist.org/info/categories_criteria2001.html.

Extinct: Extinct species are those no longer occurring in the country in question. A species is presumed extinct when there is no reasonable doubt that the last wild individual in the country has died. Such a presumption can be made when exhaustive surveys in known and/or expected habitat, at appropriate times (diurnal, seasonal), throughout its historic range in the country have failed to record a wild individual.

Family: A Family is a level in the taxonomic hierarchy below Order, but above Genus.

FI : Abbreviation for Finland.

FJ : Abbreviation for Fiji.

FR : Abbreviation for France.

Future : Used to describe the time period over which a threat is acting. Threats can be in the past and/or present and/or future. Choosing past, present and future together implies that it is an ongoing threat.

GA : Abbreviation for Gabon.

GD : Abbreviation for Grenada.

Genus : Taxonomic Genus

GF : Abbreviation for French Guiana.

GH : Abbreviation for Ghana.

GI : Abbreviation for Gibraltar.

GIS : Geographic Information System.

GM : Abbreviation for Gambia.

GP : Abbreviation for Guadeloupe.

GQ : Abbreviation for Equatorial Guinea

GR : Abbreviation for Greece.

GT : Abbreviation for Guatemala.

GU : Abbreviation for Guam.

GW : Abbreviation for Guinea-Bissau.

GY : Abbreviation for Georgia.

GY : Abbreviation for Guyana.

GY : Abbreviation for Guyana.

Habitat Name : Standard terms used to describe the major habitat/s in which the species occurs. The authority file with all of the terms can be found at http://www.redlist.org/info/major_habitats.html.

HK : Abbreviation for Hong Kong.

HN : Abbreviation for Honduras.

HR : Abbreviation for Croatia.

HT : Abbreviation for Haiti.

HU : Abbreviation for Hungary.

ID : Abbreviation for Indonesia.

IE : Abbreviation for Ireland.

IL : Abbreviation for Israel.

In Place : Specifies whether the conservation action recommended is already occurring (In Place) or requires implementation (Needed).

IN : Abbreviation for India.

Introduced: Introduced species are those occurring outside their natural range (past or present) and dispersal potential (i.e. outside the range they occupy naturally or could not occupy without direct or indirect introduction or care by humans).

IQ : Abbreviation for Iraq.

IR : Abbreviation for Islamic Republic of Iran.

IT : Abbreviation for Italy.

IUCN Red List Assessor(s) : The individuals who provided input into the assessment for a particular species. These scientists do not necessarily endorse the final Red List Category assigned to the species.

IUCN Red List Category Rationale : Justification for the listing including any numerical data used, or inferences made, that relate to the thresholds in the criteria.

IUCN Red List Category : Code for the Threatened Status of a species determined using the 2001 IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria ( http://www.redlist.org/info/categories_criteria2001.html). Values include: EX = Extinct, EW = Extinct in the Wild, CR = Critically Endangered, EN = Endangered, VU = Vulnerable, NT = Near Threatened, LC = Least Concern, DD = Data Deficient.

IUCN Red List Criteria : Codes referring to the specific Red List Criteria that apply to the species and justify its inclusion in its assigned Red List Category. Only the criteria which were met for the highest category to which the species can be assigned are specified. For an explanation of the codes, see http://www.redlist.org/info/categories_criteria2001.html.

IUCN Red List Evaluators: The members of the Global Amphibian Assessment coordinating team who take responsibility for the final data presented, and the final red List Category assigned to the species.

JM : Abbreviation for Jamaica.

JO : Abbreviation for Jordan.

JP : Abbreviation for Japan.

KE : Abbreviation for Kenya.

KG : Abbreviation for Kyrgyzstan.

KH : Abbreviation for Cambodia.

Kingdom : Taxonomic Kingdom

KN : Abbreviation for St. Kitts and Nevis.

KP : Abbreviation for Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of.

KR : Abbreviation for Korea, Republic of.

KY : Abbreviation for the Cayman Islands.

KZ : Abbreviation for Kazakhstan.

LA : Abbreviation for Lao People’s Democratic Republic.

LB : Abbreviation for Lebanon.

LC : Abbreviation for St. Lucia.

LC: IUCN Red List Categories, Least Concern: A taxon is Least Concern when it has been evaluated against the criteria and does not qualify for Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable or Near Threatened. Widespread and abundant taxa are included in this category.

LI : Abbreviation for Liechtenstein.

LK : Abbreviation for Sri Lanka.

LR : Abbreviation for Liberia.

LS : Abbreviation for Lesotho.

LT : Abbreviation for Lithuania.

LU : Abbreviation for Luxembourg.

LV : Abbreviation for Latvia.

LY : Abbreviation for Libyan Arab Jamahiriya.

MA : Abbreviation for Morocco.

MC : Abbreviation for Monaco.

MD : Abbreviation for Moldova.

MG : Abbreviation for Madagascar.

MK : Abbreviation for Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of.

ML : Abbreviation for Mali.

MM : Abbreviation for Myanmar.

MN : Abbreviation for Mongolia.

MO : Abbreviation for Macau.

MP: Abbreviation for Northern Mariana Islands.

MQ : Abbreviation for Martinique.

MR : Abbreviation for Mauritania.

MS : Abbreviation for Montserrat.

MT : Abbreviation for Malta.

MU : Abbreviation for Mauritius.

MW : Abbreviation for Malawi.

MX : Abbreviation for Mexico.

MY : Abbreviation for Malaysia.

MZ : Abbreviation for Mozambique.

NA : Abbreviation for Namibia.

Native: Native species are those currently occurring within their natural range (past or present) and dispersal potential (i.e. within the range they occupy naturally or could occupy without direct or indirect introduction or care by humans.)

NC : Abbreviation for New Caledonia.

NE : Abbreviation for Niger.

Needed : Specifies whether the conservation action recommended is already occurring (In Place) or requires implementation (Needed).

NG : Abbreviation for Nigeria.

NI : Abbreviation for Nicaragua.

NL : Abbreviation for Netherlands.

NO : Abbreviation for Norway.

Notes on Red Listing: Any further explanatory text needed to justify the Red List assessment of the species. This also includes information on how the final Red List Category might have changed from the one originally agreed by the Assessors as a result of the consistency check of all species carried out by the Global Amphibian Assessment coordinating team.

NP : Abbreviation for Nepal.

NT: IUCN Red List Categories, Near Threatened: A taxon is Near Threatened when it has been evaluated against the criteria but does not qualify for Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable now, but is close to qualifying for or is likely to qualify for a threatened category in the near future. See http://www.redlist.org/info/categories_criteria2001.html.

NZ : Abbreviation for New Zealand.

Order : An Order is a level in the taxonomic hierarchy below Class, but above Family.